80386 interrupt and exception

In addition to maintaining 8086/80386 80386 related functions, but also enhanced interrupt handling capability, and the concept of "exception" concept. This article will introduce the 80386 interrupt and exception mechanism. Download the article all the source code.

8086/8088 to break into the internal interrupt and external interrupt two categories. In order to support multi-tasking and virtual memory and other functions, 80,386 external interrupt known as the "break", the internal interrupt as "abnormal." As with the 8086/8088, 80386 usually between the two commands to respond to interrupt or exception. 80386 handle up to 256 interrupt or exception.

1. Interrupted

On the 80386, the interrupt is caused by asynchronous external events. External events and interrupt response and is not related to the implementation of the directive. Typically, the interrupt to indicate I / O device has completed an operation. As with the 8086/8088, 80386 INTR and NMI are two pins accept external interrupt request signal. INTR accepted maskable interrupt request. NMI received interrupt request can not be shielded. In 80386, the flag register IF flag in EFLAGS to decide whether screening can shield interrupt request.

External hardware through an interrupt request signal INTR the same time, but also to give an 8-bit processor interrupt vector. Processor in response to maskable interrupt request, read the paper by the external hardware interrupt vector number. Processor interrupt vector of this number and does not provide. But in the specific computer system, the system must meet the set of software and hardware, so given the interrupt vector number corresponds not only with the external interrupt sources and interrupt vector number used to avoid the appearance of conflict. 8259A programmable interrupt controller chip can work with the 80386, can be set to the processor according to the interrupt vector number, can handle the priority interrupt request. Each 8259A chip can support 8 interrupt request signal, if you use 9 8259A chip (a master piece, eight from the film), would enable a single pin INTR 80386 accepted up to 64 interrupt sources, interrupt request signal .

Processor does not mask the interrupt request from the NMI. Processor in response to NMI interrupt is not received from the external hardware interrupt vector number. And 8086/8088, as in 80386, the non-maskable interrupt the corresponding interrupt vector number is fixed at 2. For non-maskable interrupt nesting, when receiving an NMI interrupt, the processor again in response to the internal shielding of the NMI, the implementation of the screening process until after the end of the interrupt return instruction IRET. Therefore, NMI handler should be the end of IRET instruction.

2. Exception

80386 instruction exception is detected during the implementation of irregular or illegal conditions are present. Abnormality in the execution of the instructions have a direct link. For example, the implementation of the divide instruction, the divisor is equal to 0. Again, the implementation of instruction privilege level is not correct when found. When these situations occur, the directive can not be completed successfully. Software interrupt instruction "INT n" and "INTO" also classified as abnormal and not interrupt, because the implementation of these instructions produced anomalies.

80386 identify different types of anomalies, and to give each category a different interrupt vector number. After the exception occurs, the processor so as to respond to interrupt handling exceptions. That under the interrupt vector number, switch to the corresponding interrupt handler. This interrupt handler is called the exception handler may be more appropriate.

Abnormal according to whether the procedure caused the restoration and recovery point can be different, to be further classified as abnormal fault (Fault), trap (Trap) and suspension (Abort). We were the corresponding exception handler is called fault handler, trap handlers and termination handlers.

Failure is caused by abnormalities in the instruction before it is notified to the system anomaly an exception. That the fault is 80386 can be excluded. When control is transferred to the fault handler, the saved CS and EIP values break point to lead to failure of the command. Thus, the fault handler to troubleshooting, the implementation of the IRET to return to the program caused by failure to execute, just lead to failure of command can be re-implemented. This re-run, no additional operating system software to participate. Failure of the findings may begin before the command may also be in the instruction execution period. If failures are detected during instruction execution, then the suspension of fault instruction, and instruction operands to restore the value before the instruction started. This will ensure the re-implementation of fault instruction to get the right results. For example, during the execution of an instruction, if we find there is no section, then stop the implementation of the directive, and notify the system to produce Fault, the corresponding segment fault handler can load the troubleshooting section of way, after which the original instruction can be successfully implemented, at least not non-existent fault segment occurred.

Trap is caused by abnormalities in the following instructions to inform the anomalies An exception to the system. When control is transferred to the exception handler, the saved CS and EIP break point to lead to trap the value of the next instruction to execute instructions. The next instruction to be executed, not necessarily the next instruction. Therefore, the trap handler does not always save the breakpoints according to the anti-push identify an exception instruction. When the trap handler in turn, lead to the completion of trap instruction to be normal, it is possible to change a register or memory cell. Software interrupt instruction, single-step exception is the example of the trap.

Suspension is a serious situation in the system, an exception notification system. Caused by the suspension order can not be determined. Produce termination, is the implementation of the program can not be reinstated. System receives the suspension, the processing procedure to re-establish the system forms, and may restart the operating system. Hardware failures and system tables in the illegal value or inconsistent value is suspended example.

3. Priority

In an instruction execution period into more than one interrupt is detected, or abnormal, then press the priorities listed in the table notification system. The highest priority interrupt or exception notification system, other lower-priority exception being abandoned, while the higher-priority interrupt will remain hanging.

80386 responses

Interrupt / exception priority interrupt / exception types the highest priority fault other fault 鈫?debug trap instruction INT n and INTO 鈫?鈫?NMI debug trap minimum disruption 鈫?INTR interrupt










First Job Out Of The Ivory Tower Beginning How The Election



Prerelease download ATi Catalyst 5.5



Simple Site ADMINISTRATION



RealPlayer CONVERTER



VBScript ReDim Statement



The Birth Of Kissing Fish



Expert Backup And Restore



My Favorite Games Kids



OGG Converter



Vba Runtime Error 2501 Watch Out



Describe the C # call an external process



Using De EXTERMINATE rabbits annoying ads RMVB movies



MOD to MPG

China has become the fourth largest original MIMO States Patent

MIMO, OFDM, software radio is the key to achieve performance requirements of 4G technology, the three themes for the future 4G standards will constitute the underlying patents, the patent to understand the situation of these key technologies for 4G patent predict competitive situation is important.

Communication in the field of patent protection by the product evolved into profitable products. The traditional model, innovative technology products to maintain market position through patent protection, and as communications giant business model change, the patent directly into profitable products. This change to the traditional model of business enterprise to bring pressure, but also to make industry more concerned about the patent.

Currently many of the competitive situation on the patent judge also based on the technology of empirical judgments, that there exist major problems. Complex changes in communication technology in duplex mode, frame size, working conditions, and other emerging new technologies emerging, together with the patent claim writing skills according to the application time, protect the technical programs and other technical elements of the portfolio, the degree of importance between the patent very large, an important basis for the validity of the patent will be greater than several hundred pieces of ordinary patent, only through empirical analysis of combined expertise in order to obtain consistent and objective conclusions. Therefore, empirical analysis of patent patent for a clear competitive situation, so it is only scientific solution.

Imagine the future 4G standard will also form a variety of competitive situation, different technical standards to co-ordinate the use of the underlying technology to form their own standard framework. Patent on the standard system for analysis of competitive situation is extremely complex, in which the underlying technology patents in the patent situation is a key indicator of the overall conclusions drawn, so thus far, MIMO, OFDM, software radio patent situation of these underlying technologies Duiyu predict 4G patent competitive situation has become more important.

MIMO patents: China is the fourth largest country original

Number of patents based on the current MIMO about 4400, the number of patents around the world MIMO grown rapidly, especially after 2000, in China's first piece of patent applications on MIMO CN01101314 Lucent by the United States to the United States in 2001 on the priority " MIMO wireless systems, space-time processing ", this patent is currently authorized to remain in force. The figure after 2007 the decline in the number of patents because patent applications due to delay in public, should still consider the trend of the current trend of rapid development.

MIMO-monopoly is low, with more than 100 patents over the sector total only 20% of overall number of patents, technology has a large number of applicants in the hands of small and medium. China's ZTE and Huawei, the number of applications in the 50 or so, the gap distance of the top ten institutions are not too large, and the remaining 70 enterprises, universities, individuals applied for a patent. MIMO technology in China-related patent applications, foreign applications to China more than the number of domestic applications, domestic applications increased rapidly in recent years, starting in 2006 in China for foreign applications have been flat.

China is now the fourth largest country MIMO original patent, the applicant's patent applications in China accounted for about 6% of world total, second only to the United States, Japan, South Korea. Priority in the Chinese patent application filed in about 20% for foreign applicants, which indicates that large multinational companies with foreign R & D base in China as output a lot of technology, especially Japan and South Korean companies such as Panasonic, Samsung, NEC, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.

OFDM patents: not monopoly

Currently, OFDM technology is not completely dominated by large multinational organizations, with more than 100 patent agencies accounted for all of the patent for 40% of the total, in the magnitude of China's Huawei and ZTE have such a large-scale enterprises, with the number in 20-100 patent agencies accounted for 20% of the total, in the magnitude of a group of universities and enterprises in China such as Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology and Beijing Creative Video Technology Co., Ltd. on the high sea shells Communications and Electronics Limited. 6-20 pieces of this magnitude account for about 16% of the total, of which there Xi'an Jiaotong University in China, Datang and other institutions.

OFDM patent situation in China should be the most public concern, the first application in 1994 of two foreign countries come to China for CN94103352/CN94193326, the applicants were Panasonic and Thomson, Germany - Blount Company, the two patents have been authorized. Matsushita patent CN94103352 which has produced 13 divisional application, of which 5 are currently authorized, the rest are still under review. In 1998, OFDM was not previously subject of domestic patent applications, the first domestic applications in 1999, Sichuan Changhong applications HDTV digital television transmission system, the patent-CN99124605, this application was authorized in 2004 and by reviewing the effective date.

1994 to 2005, the number of foreign applications has been leading China domestic applications, but in recent years the development of domestic applications faster, from more than 2006 foreign to China for domestic applications, and maintain high growth.

Currently, Samsung, Panasonic, Qualcomm, Sony, Toshiba has a traffic rank OFDM patents in the world. Compared to large enterprises in China ZTE and Huawei's patent application number over 120, with the gap between the top ten companies is not too much to maintain the current momentum into the future should be able to patent ownership is the top place.

Software Radio Patents: too few general

Software radio is the use of digital signal processing software wireless technology, can use the same hardware platform, software processing baseband signals, by loading different software, different business performance can be achieved.

Currently, the software is generally not protected by patents granted in China for patent applications involving computer programs, software patent examination according to relevant provisions of China's patent law review, the State Intellectual Property Office "review guidelines" related to a specific interpretation of content. For this reason, the software radio on the small number of patent applications. Overall only 300 international articles, more than 50 pieces of Chinese patent applications.

TD-SCDMA systems in China have been using software radio technology, TD TDD mode system and the characteristics of the low chip rate for software radio applications. Domestic software application has some radio experience and practical technology.







Recommended links:



Samba can be the first to support GPLv3 break with concerns



Training of new employees to avoid human Resource risk arising



Huang Ching-ASUS court Friday issued REPUTATION infringement in Taiwan



Understanding of the process of DB2 UNIVERSAL Database (2)



"Nobunaga's AMBITION 13 Heaven," the enemy in depth and around point reinforcements, waste Chaim



Nokia 6600 fold contract enjoy amazing cool



MKV to FLV



"Predatory" After personal feelings



Articles about Audio Players



Command line "" and "-" symbol represents the meaning of



Articles About Graphic



CLR 4.0 new Content in abnormal state of confusion



MPG to DivX



Transport Stream CONVERTER



IPTV Start-scale Operations

Softbank and IDG withdraw money than the VC who is the next cash cow

In the industry has a "first silly," said IDG, last year was named the most successful investment companies, venture capital market once quiet are becoming pervasive.

This year, the major venture capital (referred to as VC) companies have been very active: Softbank Asia to set up a 643 million U.S. dollars of the fund, IDG in China has established two total sum of about 5 million venture capital fund; Kleiner PerkinsCaufield & ByersKPCB , Accel Partner, MatrixPartner three international venture capital end of this year also will be stationed in China. Thus it was predicted that parts of the world in 2005 may wind up investment in China planted a year of silver.

The different way the mainstream VC

Five years, 120 million in costs, the return of several times in close proximity, this is the magic of venture capital. Hand-held wand that is what the little IDG.

In fact, IDG is a specialist in the United States investment in print media and online media companies, venture capital can only be called on to do third-rate.

But it "the wall flower wall incense," IDG China or from both well-known success stories of view, are regarded as the mainstream VC. From Ctrip, Baidu Tencent to, IDG invested several hundred thousand to a million or two seed funds, access to the huge returns.

To Baidu, for example, in 2000 IDG invested 1.2 million U.S. dollars as seed money to account for 4.6% of Baidu's shares, according to the current market value of Baidu, IDG's investment returns to seven or eight times.

"High holding, low cost", with little cost to enter the early stage start-ups, this is the IDG in China's major investment strategy. This makes IDG's are mine generally small. So far, HC International, 1999, into 800 million, received 17.40% of its shares, as IDG's largest single investment in the country.

IDG Chairman McGovern promised before the end of 2005, investment in the Chinese high-tech market, one billion U.S. dollars, from its inception in 2001, but 300 million U.S. dollars investment.

Another venture capital - on the very different style of Softbank, or do not vote, to vote on several of millions of dollars at every turn. Softbank even have an investment philosophy: every single investment should not be less than 500 million.

Softbank now in China there are three forces, namely, Softbank Group, Softbank China and Softbank Asia. Finally entered the Softbank Asia, in less than 5 years to invest more than 20 high-tech enterprises in China, an average of more than 10 million U.S. dollars investment.

Behind the high input is relatively low return on investment. To 40 million U.S. dollars investment in a grand, get more than 560 million U.S. dollars in return, this can be considered the most successful in China, Softbank is a single, but the investment return rate is only 15 times. Prior to IDG in Baidu, the investment reached 60 times the financial return on investment.

Baidu search for other areas and grand

Although the chairman of IDG Asia, said Hugo Shong, about the success of venture capital, there may be dozens of projects is a failure. However, data show that in recent IDG return on investment in China averaged more than 45%. From this year, active venture capital organizations, and also can infer our lucrative.

Information Consulting Co., Ltd. Beijing and Qing dynasties introduced the "2005 China Venture Capital interim investigation report" shows:

First half of 2005 to complete a total of seven new and fund-raising and fund-raising total to 1.651 billion U.S. dollars fund, and fund-raising for the amount of 699 million U.S. dollars last year, more than twice.

From the industry point of view, IT is still the most attractive business venture capital industry, accounting for 63% of the total amount. This year the most active of the Internet, but the amount of view or from the largest communications.

Softbank, IDG or both, are active areas of IT. IDG long-term focus on early stage IT venture enterprises, while Softbank has formed an Internet system of empire, from Yahoo to the grand, to Alibaba, the Internet every single model has injected funds Softbank.

But now they seem to look for other areas of Baidu and grand.

Just a month ago, Softbank, Carlyle Asia bring together the Tianjin Sunco (China) Investment Network Real Estate Group, 45 million U.S. dollars. Softbank is also the first time involved in real estate, it makes the Softbank Asia become the largest amount of domestic investment, venture capital firms, investment has exceeded 300 million U.S. dollars.

Since 1998, IDG has invested in China, more than 150 companies, Internet companies account for almost half, even relatively low in 2001-2003, the Internet, the Internet project has been maintained at a total investment of more than 60% of the project. However, according to IDG list of investment projects this year, the number of Internet businesses accounted for only 30% -35%.

IDG has clearly indicated that you want to attack a number of new areas, such as biopharmaceuticals. 5% success rate of Internet businesses in the past, no doubt felt the pressure to VC. According to the report of the company and Qing dynasties, the current bio-tech industry accounts for only 0.4% of the total venture capital.

Capital prefer to grab?

And a flood of venture capital is relatively higher than that, good investment projects is rare. High-tech, media, telecommunications, referred to as the TMT field almost all VC attention.

Now not only focus on the field, the investment of time have tended to converge. A few years ago, many venture capital companies are more willing to do upfront investment, and now 70% -80% of the venture are concentrated in the middle and late, hoping to avoid risks. Generally will not choose the latter, but in the first round of financing will enter the IDG began to change their investment strategy.

In mid-August, one of the world's top five venture capital firms Accel Partners announced that it will enter the Chinese market, and investment 250 million U.S. dollars and IDG VC together form a total 500 million U.S. dollars in investment funds. Wind investment amount will be the principal responsible persons of 3721, founder and former Yahoo China president Zhou Hongyi.

Some analysts believe that, IDG is trying to follow a low-cost, low risk investment in the road industry.

Information Consulting Co., Ltd. Beijing Branch of the Qing Chen Qiang, director of analysis, there are two main reasons why such a change. First, China lacks originality core technology. If a startup is really the core technology, VC would be more willing to invest, because it is likely to bring huge returns. But China is not easy to have a breakthrough technology.

Second is the lack of good entrepreneurs, the credit system, coupled with greater pre-existing laws, policies and other aspects of risk.

Focus on investing in mature businesses Softbank, although not a particularly high return on investment, but investment in the market, brands, marketing channels and so have been in place, relatively less risk, the overall rate of return would be higher.

Softbank Asia Fund invests in enterprises, the establishment of the time almost 5 years, while China and Shenzhen Ming Wan blog so very few start-up enterprises, they generally have a strong strategic partner.

In fact, like Yahoo, QQ, etc. are facing in the early stage venture capital scarce, the time when they most need it hard to attract money to the VC. Zhou Hongyi that the vote should not be the most fundamental is that there is no innovation. Therefore, the choice of investment projects, Zhou said that the most promising home-grown original model and the model of China, are not optimistic about the pattern copied from the United States.

"There is definitely a good project so everyone is struggling, do not vote this month, a little hesitant about, other VC Jiugen up, or business valuation will go up." Said Chen Qiang, a direct result of this venture capital business costs, profit margins become smaller and smaller.






Recommended links:



Rain forest wind-founder: CNTV.com destination domain being assessed



advantages and disadvantages of several major



ASF TO MOV



Infomation GAMES Board



LiveMotion font production: shadow word



Religion evaluation



For you Backup And Restore



M2TS Converter



Chongqing launched before the end of the first digital TV Village



MPG to 3GP



New Accounting Standards And Tax Law Differences On How To Coordinate



"Aion," summed up their experience with the bow trap star



Duba Over One Million Downloads In Japan Very Attractive Price



Bird, founder of Wu Yimin information: only 40 person-years team 1 million yuan PROFIT



Emacs is a belief! Introduced the world's most powerful editor

e-cology in the Pan Micro Series 31

Use of project management module to complete the task on the market a clear management

Many companies have been frequent market activities, market activities can be very large national tour activities, or a simple product demonstrations, etc., but regardless of the large and small will be designed to these key factors: time, manpower and cost, mission , income, results, etc., then how can all these factors can be orderly management together?

In many companies, we found that many officers do not know where their task clear, when you need completed? And now the state of these tasks? Hold a market in your activities, the general leadership of all want to know what the current situation? Who is responsible for this matter and how the process now? Who is processing instructions? Who is in charge of distribution or contact potential clients? Who is the person in charge of the project? When is the deadline? Have done? History of the project is what? ... ..

Suppose we want to launch marketing activities to attract new customers and maintain our most valuable customers, how do we know which customer convenience is the most valuable? How do we measure our marketing activities are effective? Can we quickly learned that the activities of the market between budget and actual comparison report? ... ..

In the e-cology's help, we have to achieve these goals:

The collection of market activities creativity:

Through the knowledge of the document module, relevant personnel from the marketing department to be responsible for market activities creativity to start a discussion group, the related personnel to join the discussion group, set a time so that we can put forward their views on market activities and recommendations, once a good ideas. Marketing Manager will form the basis of these ideas in detail in the copy market activity, and sought further views.

Submitted project proposal and presentation of the project:

By e-cology of the project approval process, the leadership of the project by the company for approval. Marketing Manager for approval by the project based program, the establishment of e-project module related tasks and projects to each member of a project scheduling tasks. Once the project is approved by all members of the schedule will automatically produce the relevant current need to complete the task.

Via e-CRM customer choose needs to be invited:

e-CRM helps marketing activities automatically analyze the target market, promotional activities through predefined templates to all the invited customers to send email, e-cology can immediately know which customers will participate in our marketing activities All these work can be completed in the mouse clicks.



We arranged according to their mandate to communicate:

e-Workflow to help record and the market related activities, all processes! Task or application will directly reach those where they are now handling. This ensures that every employee in the company responsible for what parts of the task, his or her current work flow. Each person can easily see where this task is, who is in charge. The market activities of the project manager can easily understand their marketing plan is to be read and approved. Project members are assigned the task of reading.

Real-time change to adapt to the new project plan changes in the environment:

The progress of activities in a market process must run into many of Wen Ti, and these problems may change the original project De progress plan, the project manager based on each project task to change the situation, Sheng Cheng's project plans a new version of the system will be the first time in circulated to all project team members, and let each member of a project schedule of work to date of the project plan.

Documentation module to help project teams take good care of the appropriate project documentation:

Market activity will inevitably produce a large number of documents: the book market research activities, market activities, proposals, marketing activities, invitations, there is need to draft the design of color printing materials, posters and project briefing .... And all these documents and the market activities can be projects are interrelated, so as long as we find events and activities in this market, we can find the same as the project immediately instructed all relevant documentation.

Leadership can always check the progress of the market activity and activities of the final results:

As the company's leadership can be very easy to see the effectiveness of the Company's ongoing marketing activities. e-cology can help lead the activities accurately find the exact response! For example: How many customers are required to our email invitation replies? How many people click on our website or email list posted on the event title in the market? The number of clients seen in our market activity news? How many people visit us during the event micro-site pan? The number of potential customers in our pan-registered micro-site trial apply? Activities generate a number of documents? The number of personnel involved in this market activities? The number of processes and activities associated with this market? How many project tasks have been altered or postponed? The number of tasks to be completed ahead of schedule? Activities in this market are how much to send? The implementation of the budget market activity, how? ... .. As long as the company's leadership wanted to know this information, e-cology can be fully provided.

Market activities and timely conclusion of the event as a knowledge of the document archive release:

Finally marketing-related staff in e-cology in the archive of the activities of the market activity for the event will be a knowledge of the document posted to the knowledge base of the Pan-micro, so the market after the need to organize similar activities, other personnel can share the experience and market related activities, all the mistakes!







Recommended links:



Sonic Foundry Vegas 4.0 Image Sharpening novice Collection 28



Good Recreation



Hart Governance "disease" Hewlett-Packard



DreamweaverMX build Guestbook (4)



FLV to iPhone



Catalogs Casino And Gambling



QT to WMV



SWF to MOV



BenQ projector and Joybee Brilliance



SoftBrands, because focusing so PROFESSIONAL



A flash drive to buy The real experience



The basic concepts of object-oriented



msctf dll missing error repair tip

How to compile kernel

How to compile the kernel:

If you do not want to change the kernel version, directly to the fourth step.

The first step: in any subdirectory (but usually in / usr / src / under) untar the new kernel source code unlock:
tar xvfz linux-xxxx.tar.gz (eg linux-2.0.35.tar.gz)
Or patch (patch):
gzip-cd patch-2.0.35.gz | patch-p0
Once on shore, skip to Step Four patch

The second step: rm / usr / src / linux
This is usually a symbolic link.


The third step: in / usr / src / build a symbolic link next to your new kernel directory.
Ln-s / usr/src/linux.2.x.xx / usr / src / linux
Old versions of the kernel may need to do some work:
cd / usr / include
rm-rf asm linux scsi
ln-s / usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm
ln-s / usr / src / linux / include / linux linux
ln-s / usr / src / linux / include / scsi scsi

Fourth step: the current directory into / usr / src / linux
cd / usr / src / linux

Step Five: become a super user
su

Step Six: Configuring the kernel
If you are under the X window and want to have a graphical interface, you say:
make xconfig
Note: You need to install Tk / Tcl package and the X Server in 800x600 resolution above.
If you do not or do not want to use under the X Window graphical interface, you say:
make config or make menuconfig (recommended)
After answering questions one by one and wait a while, so prompt appears, or the graphical interface disappeared
System on the configured.

Step Seven: Build a new kernel, you said:
make dep; make clean
make zImage (or will further reduce the kernel with make bzImage)
Note that the case must launch on!
Also make zlilo / make install so choose.

Step eight: If you use a module, you also need to build and install modules
make modules
make modules-install
depmod-a

Ninth step: look at your / etc / lilo.conf to see is that the directory with that file as
image. For example: image = / boot / vmlinuz (slackware version is / vmlinuz)
The / usr / src / linux / System.map copied to / boot directory,
Will / usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage copied to / boot directory and renamed the vmlinuz
I do not renamed coverage approach, the recommended method is:
With a new file name will copy the new kernel to the appropriate directory, such as
cp / usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage / boot/zImage2
Then edit / etc / lilo.conf file, the original core of that section of the copy, such as
image = / boot / vmlinuz
root = / dev/hda1
label = linux
After copying the image into / boot/zImage2 the label into newlinux.
This new kernel with the old kernel can coexist, when the new kernel can not start, there is back up over there.
Note copy and placement, if not set the default is the first who is who is the default boot entry.

10th step: install the new kernel and reboot.
Lilo (Oh, do not forget this step! And attention to look at output)
shutdown-r now

Warning: you should have alternate means of start, or start a new kernel can not you cry no tears! :-)

Compile time in my 120 MHz Pentium 32 MB of main memory on the machine to 20 minutes, in my P2 400 on just a few minutes.

More details see / usr / src / linux / readme, and using "man lilo" "man lilo.conf" "man initrd" command to see such information,
Before you begin to read the information is a good habit!
Tips for beginners: LILO boot after "LILO:" prompt, press the TAB key to display all the startup items (defined by the label).






Recommended links:



On the operation table



Baidu cheating, universally condemned?



2006: Five suspense Notebook



RMVB to MPEG



Watch cool mechanical picture production process



Ballmer: ten years of full digitization OF traditional media



Specialist Mathematics Education



3G2 to WMV



One-time E-mail: Self-destruct after 10 minutes



Telephone box 2



Recommend Audio Players



FTP Clients Directory



Registry Combat Collection - "Operation" Change Collection



3G2 To AVI



CEO? Does not change the financial style, the CLASS!



BI, in the M & A Growth?

Jobs: find a good quality of the work of eight major

Employment Guidance Centre Beijing not long ago, college graduates more than 150 state-owned enterprises, private and high-tech enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises in human resources and some colleges and universities conducted a survey of the characteristics of the following eight Students welcomed by most employers. In fact, not just the graduates, any person who would like to find a good job, need to have the following qualities.

Identity Corporate Culture in the shortest time

"Corporate culture is the spiritual pillar of the survival and development. Staff only recognized corporate culture can grow with the company." Shell's head of human resources, said, "We are in recruitment will focus on job attitude and examine students professional orientation is consistent with company needs, individual self-understanding and development of space is the company's corporate culture is consistent with the trend. "

Beijing College Graduates Career Guidance Center experts suggest: "college students jobs before, to focus on selected businesses have some understanding of corporate culture, and to see whether they agree with the enterprise culture. If you want to join this enterprise, we should make their own values and enterprises consistent with the values advocated in order to enter the enterprise, the initiative to put myself into the team, the enterprise culture to constrain their behavior, as the company due diligence. "

Sense of belonging and loyalty to a team of enterprise

Survey showed that state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, private enterprises are the human resources agreed that the company would prefer to be an adequate loyalty, even if capacity was close, and also in but do not want to be an extraordinary ability to play fast and loose people.

A company's human resources manager that the staff of the company loyalty, reflected in the staff and the success and prosperity of the company's interest, no matter the boss is not present, must earnestly work, encouraged to go to work. Employees a sense of belonging, his loyalty and ultimately let him achieve the desired goals, thus becoming a trusted person, a boss to hire the person, a right-hand man who could become the boss.

Beijing College Graduates Career Guidance Center Han Chunguang teacher, said: "Enterprises in the recruitment of staff, in addition to test their ability level, the individual behavior is the most important assessment. Did not conduct the people can not use Yebuzhide culture. Conduct of The most important aspect is the company loyalty. that is both able and loyal business people, every business needs is the best talent. "

Not demanding alumni of prestigious universities as long as the comprehensive quality

Ji-Tong Network Communication Co., Ltd. of human resources who said, "Our company is not demanding elite and professional counterparts, even more rare in the profession, as long as the overall quality of a good student, learning ability and adaptability, a problem in time to see crux of the matter, and in time to mobilize their own capacities and have learned to quickly release their potential, develop a workable plan, it will also be welcomed. "

Survey analysts pointed out that "As enterprises increased competition, companies pay more attention to the quality of talent. Because the talent is to create products for enterprises to win a major factor in the profit. Some companies, especially technology companies with low levels, and not just value students academic performance, and more attention to the overall quality of students, this is the employment characteristics of modern enterprises. their overall quality is more important than academic qualifications. "

With dedication and professionalism

"Now, some rather low-quality young career, there was a young man, the reasons for being late for work the morning last night watching TV actually is seen too late. New to the students work problems or difficulties encountered, not timely communication with colleagues, until the leadership in the only reported delays in the progress of work, these are not the dedication and professionalism of poor performance. "Zhongguancun Electronic Co., Ltd. Human Resources Department who said," Businesses are looking to strengthen the community school students survival outlook, values education, strengthen the professional quality of students, emotional intelligence, adaptability and psychological quality. With the dedication, the other is relatively easy to cultivate quality. "

Professional technical capacity

Beijing Science and Technology AG, a human resources manager, said, "Professional skills of our employees the most basic quality requirements, IT industry to hire and pays more attention when the technical capacity of applicants. When the applicants in the recruitment of the same capacity if, perhaps will give priority to recruit graduate students. However, after the academic level into the company is not the main measure, and will pay more attention to practical techniques, who can do it and who is to have a skill, who Take the high wages. "

Strong communication skills, have affinity

BOE Technology Group, the head of the Ministry of Personnel, said: "Our company Ren Wei, college students need improvement Nengli is communication capabilities. Qiye need is to Yunyongziji good for communication skills and Qi Ye Neiwaiyouguan personnel contacts, to co-operating with concentric Tong Germany, completed the organization's mission and purpose of man. "

Teamwork and collaboration are

Shanghai Automotive Industry (Group) Corporation, the human resources person said: "From the perspective of the growth of talent, a person belongs to the team, there must be spirit of teamwork and collaboration, and only in an atmosphere of good social relations, personal growth will be more successful. "

With a passion to work

"Passion is a powerful emotion, a kind of people, work and faith strong emotion." Guiding College Graduates Beijing Ren Zhanzhong, director of "The enthusiasm of the employees without a job can not complete their high quality work, let alone to create results. Only those who have a genuine desire on their enthusiasm, are likely to put their wishes into a beautiful reality. "







Recommended links:



Ps3 avchd



convert avchd to mov



Review Religion



Flex open source framework summary



Zhangye City POWER Authority



Thunder has more than 100 million users targeting NASDAQ



EXCHANGE links need special attention



Xvid To Divx Converter



New Cataloging



matroska video file



Was brilliant: Ten-man weapon crack revealed inside story of classical



JMP statistical quality training to build high-end beats China



Investment Tools Specialist



Rising harm the user did not apologize for doing odd tiger, said to be practical



Delphi Beginners Reference (b)

2007, Han is not the only

Dangdang authoritative comments "after 80 Literature"

Leader in youth literature book fairs have been several years, recently, the world's largest Chinese web sites selling books, said industry experts Dangdang: youth literature in 2007 will ever popular, Han is not the only hot spot. "Unprecedented" the words not come from nowhere, in 2007, Guo, Han will have a new full-length came, and "after 80" to grow up, is "gearing up" to be good time.

Han Han, Guo leader be?

From Dangdang a new round of sales data can clearly be seen, Kuo, Korea in 2006 results, sales already can be called a miracle, but in 2007, will be more exciting. Han Han's "glory days" is the 700,000 first printing. Guo quiet two years, will also launch in May this year, his first four feature length - "River of Sorrow." Reporter was informed that the novel in the "most novel" very good response on the memoirs, the first printing has been set 500 000. Youth Literature as the most popular writers, they also launched a new book is bound to arouse Han Guo powder and flour a new round of contest, it is estimated that youth literature in 2007, a spectacle ... ...

In addition, after 80 writers, in addition to Han Han, Guo new for 2007, has worked with Wei to launch "A light in the distance How much is 2", will continue to introduce further non-smoking her new martial arts, Jun Cai's new work also will be launched by the end of March, while Guo Ni, Ming Xiao River and others are new to the current edited. With a work is no longer on board at the top is nothing new, so in 2007, the public "after 80" rising stars who will be a "pen" became popular? Han Han, who took over the lead in 2007 Book Fair? Worth every bookworm looking forward to ... ...

Writing a new concept has been done for eight years, youth literature is still young?

Recently, I have been paying attention to the book fairs Dangdang forum, "Youth Literature" have been shrouded in controversy. First, some conceptual confusion, the new concept of writing contest has been held nine sessions, and youth literature in the end is aging over time? Or the times?棣栧厛瀵规蹇靛仛涓癄閲婏細闈掓槬鏂囧鍗抽潚鏄ュ啓鎵嬩互闈掓槬銆佹垚闀夸负涓婚鐨勬枃瀛︼紝澶у鍐欑粰锛戯紥鈥旓紥锛愬瞾闂寸殑浜虹湅鐨勶紝澶氫互缃戠粶鏂囨湰鐨勫舰寮忓憟鐜般?瀹冪殑鍑虹幇鏄竴绉嶇ぞ浼氳繘姝ョ殑琛ㄧ幇锛屾槸鍐欎綔缁嗗垎銆佸競鍦虹粏鍒嗙殑缁撴灉锛屽叿鏈夌被鍨嬫枃瀛︾殑浠峰?鍜屾剰涔夈?

鍦ㄨ繖閲岋紝闈掓槬鍜屽勾杞绘湰灏辨病鏈夎骞撮緞绂侀敘锛岄潚鏄ュ彧鏄竴绉嶈蹇碉紝鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱殑鍘嗗彶鑳屾櫙涓嬶紝涔熷彲浠ユ槸涓?椋庡皻銆傚洜姝わ紝闈掓槬鏂囧鐨勫叧閿瘝骞舵病鏈夎惤鍦ㄥ勾杞讳笂锛岃?鏄惤鍦ㄥ畠鎵?惀閫犵殑涓?瑙傚康銆佹儏瓒ｃ?浠讳綍涓?棬绫荤殑鏂囧閮芥槸鎸夌収鍏朵环鍊间綔涓烘渶閲嶈鐨勮瘎鍒ゆ爣鍑嗭紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥界洰鍓嶈繖涓樁娈碉紝鍙互璇撮潚鏄ユ枃瀛﹁櫧鐒舵湁寰堝涓嶅畬鍠勭殑鍦版柟锛屼絾鏄繕鏄湪涓?畾鎰忎箟涓婂甫鍔ㄤ簡鍥藉唴鐨勫浘涔﹀競鍦猴紝浠ュ強缁欎簣娑堣垂鑰呬竴浜涙柊鐨勬?鎯宠蹇碉紝闈掓槬鏂囧鐨勫瓨鍦ㄦ湁鐫?笉鍑＄殑浠峰?銆?br />
鍏充簬闈掓槬鏂囧鐨勫ぇ澶氭暟浜夎杩樻槸鏉ヨ嚜閮?闊╃殑涓?簺鈥滀綔椋庨棶棰樷?锛屽叾瀹炶繖浜涘ぇ鍙棤闇?【铏戯紝姣曠珶鏄竴涓捣姝ヨ緝鏅氥?杈冨勾杞荤殑鍥句功闂ㄧ被锛屽繀鐒朵細缁忓巻涓?釜鈥滀釜鎬ч樁娈碘?锛屼絾鏄殢鐫??鍚庤捣涔嬬鈥濈殑涓嶆柇娑屽叆锛岄潚鏄ユ枃瀛﹀繀瀹氫細璧颁笂涓?潯鈥滀紬鏄熸崸鏈堚?鐨勭洿璺紝灞曟湜2007锛岄儹銆侀煩灏嗕笉鍐嶆槸鍞竴鐨勭湅鐐广?

褰撳綋缃戯細鍏虫敞闈掓槬鏂囧锛岃鑷繁闈掓槬姘搁┗

鎾囧紑浜旇姳鍏棬鐨勬墜娉曪紝鎾囧紑缂ょ悍缁氫附鐨勪慨杈烇紝涓?闈掓槬鐨勫績鏄潚鏄ユ枃瀛︽案杩滅殑涓婚銆備粠褰撳綋缃戜功甯傝闂ㄧ被鍥句功鐨勭儹閿?笉闅剧湅鍑猴紝淇濇寔杩欑蹇冩?鏄幇浠ｉ兘甯備汉鎺掕В鍘嬪姏銆佸鍔犳縺鎯呯殑閲嶈鎵嬫銆?br />
銆婇偅浜涗簨 閭ｄ簺浜恒?娑夊強鍐呭鈥滃悆鍠濈帺涔愨?鏃犳墍涓嶅寘锛屼功鍐欐柟寮忊?澶╅┈琛岀┖鈥濇棤鎵?笉鏈夎繕鏈夎鏀圭紪鎴愮數瑙嗗墽鐏儹鎾嚭鐨勩?涓夐噸闂ㄣ?锛屻?涓?捣娌夐粯銆嬮兘鍦ㄥ綋褰撶綉涓婄晠閿?笉琛般?杩樿寰椼?骞诲煄銆嬪悧锛熷畠鐨勬潵涓达紝濂藉儚浠庝竴寮?灏辫〃鏄庝簡瀹冪湡鍛藉ぉ瀛愯埇鐨勮韩浠斤紝灏卞ソ鍍忓够闆笣鍥戒腑鐨勭埗鐨囥?

銆婅瘺浠欍?涓庛?椋樻负涔嬫梾銆嬨?銆婂皬鍏典紶濂囥?骞剁О涓衡?缃戠粶涓夊ぇ濂囦功鈥濅腑鍞竴鐨勪竴鏈渚犲皬璇达紝鍦ㄧ綉涓婏紝鏃╁凡缁忚瑙嗕负鍜岄噾搴搞?鍙ら緳銆佽繕鐝犳ゼ涓荤殑浣滃搧鍚屾牱绛夌骇鐨勭粡鍏稿皬璇淬?

鍙﹀锛岄煶鍍忓埗鍝佺被涓殑鐑攢鐢佃鍓т腑锛屻?鑺辨牱灏戝勾灏戝コ銆嬨?銆婂銆嬨?銆婃伓浣滃墽涔嬪惢銆嬫洿鏄紩璧蜂簡绀句細鐨勫箍娉涘叧娉紝鎴愪负缃戝弸璇勮鐨勫璞°?杩樻湁鐜勫够绫荤殑鐣呴攢灏忚绾㈤?鍗庤涓栫晫鐨勭櫨涓囩骇缃戠粶鍦ㄧ嚎濂囦功銆婂吔琛?哺鑵俱?銆佺晠閿?涔﹂潚鏄ユ枃瀛︺?绾镐笂鐨勯潚鏄ャ?銆併?灏戝勾銆嬨?銆婃櫘鐟炲皵銆嬨?銆婇偅骞存槬澶╂垜瑕佺寮??绛夌瓑銆?br />
缁撳悎2006-2007褰撳綋缃戜功甯傛鍗曚互鍙婄洰鍓嶅浗鍐呭浘涔﹁涓氱殑鍙戝睍瓒嬪娍锛岄煩瀵掋?閮暚鏄庝互鍙娾?80鍚庘?浼楁柊绉?皢鎼洪潚鏄ユ枃瀛︾户缁璺戜功甯傦紱鑰屾矇瀵備簡澶氬勾鐨勫悕浜轰滑涔熷凡濂堜笉浣忓瘋瀵烇紝涓嶄粎鎾掕礉瀹併?鐧藉博鏉俱?鐜嬪皬涓鎺ㄥ嚭鏂颁功锛屽畫涓逛腹涔熻浜ゅ嚭鑷繁鐨勪紶璁帮紱姣旇緝閬楁喚鐨勬槸鍦?006閭ｄ簺鏂囧潧澶ц厱浠紝鑾█銆佽淳骞冲嚬绛変汉閮芥病鏈夊お澶氱殑鏂颁綔闂笘锛屽湪2007璁╂垜浠嫮鐩互寰呫?






相关链接:



Ts video format



Evaluate Dial Up And Connection Tools



FreeBSD Forget The Root Password Of A Repair



Purple Pinyin special words and phrases defined groups



Converting Mp4 To Avi



Barbed words! Photoshop special effects make the word CACTUS



convert m4a to mp3



Specialist Mail Servers



New Gallery And Cataloging Tools



Best Art - Screen Savers



Limit of WMA format music



PLM on the 411



c language Programming style



Modify the TCP / IP After so Fast you do not believe



Vob To Mkv